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Photos of negative tb test1/23/2024 Moreover, the study of the reactivation of latent TB infection in cynomolgus macaques could be performed through the use of anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) antibodies 13 or coinfection with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), as seen in TB-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfections in humans 8, 14, 15. tb Erdman strain in Asian cynomolgus macaques demonstrated that these macaques could remain subclinically and/or latently infected with TB for a long period (14–20 months), similar to humans 7, 8, 9, 11. Infection with an extremely low dose (approximately 25 colony forming units) of the M. tb strain used (e.g., H37R v, CDC1551, or Erdmann), and route and dose of infection 7, 8, 9, 11, 12. However, several factors need to be considered prior to the selection and use of animals for TB research, such as the geographic source of macaques, M. In experimental TB research, rhesus ( Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus ( Macaca fascicularis) macaques are NHPs that have been widely used for basic studies on immunology and pathogenesis as well as vaccine and drug development because both species exhibit a full spectrum of human TB pathology (latent, subclinical, and active) 7, 8, 9, 10. tb infection in NHPs mostly occurs by close contact with TB-infected humans through the inhalation of aerosolized bacteria or other routes, such as ingestion, wounds, or animal tattooing 5, 6. kansasii), are associated with TB-like diseases 1, 2, 3, 4. bovis) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), such as Mycobacterium kansasii ( M. tb complex (MTBC), such as Mycobacterium bovis ( M. tb) is the main causative agent, while other members of M. Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic airborne disease that causes high morbidity and mortality in both humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs), especially captive macaque monkeys. The assay may be used as a supplementary tool for TB screening in MF. Our study showed that the mIGRA offers many advantages, including high sensitivity and high throughput, and it requires only one on-site visit to the animals. Interestingly, 3 (37.5%) of the TST-negative monkeys were culture-positive. Among the 14 mIGRA-positive monkeys, 8 (57.1%) were TST-positive and 7 (50%) were culture-positive, indicating early TB detection in the latent and active TB stages with the mIGRA. During a 12-month period of study, 14 (36%), 10 (26%), and 8 (21%) monkeys showed TB-positive results using the mIGRA, the TST, and TB culture, respectively. Herein, we established the mIGRA, combining human QuantiFERON-TB Gold-Plus and monkey IFN-γ ELISA pro systems, and used it to investigate 39 captive MF who were cage-mates or lived in cages located near a monkey who died from the naturally TB infection. Although the intradermal tuberculin skin test (TST) is used for TB detection in MF, it has limitations. In their habitat range, monkeys have close contact with humans, allowing the possibility of bidirectional transmission of tuberculosis (TB) between the two species. Cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis MF) are commonly used as nonhuman primate models for pharmaceutical product testing.
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